what can cause pid and lead to sterility

Overview

Female reproductive tract.

What is pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

Pelvic inflammatory affliction, or PID, occurs when female reproductive organs go infected. The reproductive arrangement is the role of the body involved in getting pregnant and having a baby.

Reproductive organs afflicted by PID include the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes. When you have PID, you lot may experience stomach hurting in your lower belly (belly). You may also have unusual belch (leaking) from your vagina.

How do you go PID?

Nigh people typically get PID through unprotected sex, still xv% of these infections are not sexually transmitted. Sex may let leaner enter the reproductive system, where they tin can infect the organs.

How does pelvic inflammatory affliction affect me?

PID can damage parts of your reproductive system, including the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes. PID can exist painful and make it hard to go significant in the future. PID tin likewise lead to a pocket of infection in the pelvis chosen a tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) which, if untreated can make people very sick.

Who'south at risk for PID?

Y'all face up a higher take chances for pelvic inflammatory illness if you:

• Take a sexually transmitted infection (STIs), specially gonorrhea or chlamydia.
• Take many sexual partners or take a partner who has had multiple partners.
• Have had PID in the past.
• Are sexually active and younger than 25.

How common is pelvic inflammatory disease?

Each twelvemonth, more than 1 1000000 women in the U.S. become PID. And more than than 100,000 women become infertile because of information technology, significant they can't have a infant. Many cases of ectopic pregnancies are as well the outcome of PID. An ectopic pregnancy is when the babe starts to develop outside the uterus, about commonly in the fallopian tube. An untreated ectopic pregnancy needs immediate medical attending.

Cases of PID take dropped in contempo years. The reason may be that more women become regular testing for chlamydia and gonorrhea, the chief infections that lead to PID.

Symptoms and Causes

What causes pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

Bacteria inbound the reproductive tract frequently crusade pelvic inflammatory illness. These bacteria are passed from the vagina, through the cervix, into the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries, and into the pelvis.

Ordinarily, when bacteria enter the vagina, the cervix keeps them from spreading deeper to other reproductive organs. But sometimes, the cervix becomes infected from an STI similar gonorrhea and chlamydia. When that happens, it's less able to continue bacteria out.

Untreated gonorrhea and chlamydia crusade about 90% of PID cases. Other causes include:

• Abortion.
• Childbirth.
• Pelvic procedures.
• Insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD), either copper or hormonal. The adventure is highest in the few weeks after insertion. Many times this type of infection is preventable with STI testing effectually the time of IUD placement.

Does douching cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

About studies report only a very weak clan between douching and PID. What can be said is that douching can lead to bacterial vaginosis infections, but there is only a potential association between douching and PID.

What are the symptoms of PID?

You lot may not realize you have PID. Symptoms might be balmy or unnoticeable. Merely symptoms of PID can besides kickoff suddenly and apace. They tin include:

• Hurting or tenderness in the stomach or lower abdomen (belly), the about common symptom.
• Abnormal vaginal belch, usually xanthous or dark-green with an unusual scent.
• Chills or fever.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Pain during sex.
• Burning when yous pee.
• Irregular periods or having spotting or cramping throughout the month.
• Hurting in the correct upper abdomen, less frequently.

Diagnosis and Tests

How is pelvic inflammatory disease diagnosed?

If you experience symptoms of PID, run into your healthcare provider right abroad. The sooner y'all get care, the greater your chances of successful treatment.

Unremarkably, your healthcare provider tin diagnose PID through:

• Medical history, including request well-nigh your general health, sexual activity and symptoms.
• Pelvic exam to examine your reproductive organs and look for signs of infection.
• Vaginal civilisation to accept a sample of any leaner.

What other tests might I need to diagnose PID?

Your provider may likewise order:

• Blood tests.
• Urine test to rule out a urinary tract infection, which causes similar pelvic hurting.
• Ultrasound to get clearer images of the reproductive system.

In some cases, your provider may recommend:

• Endometrial biopsy to remove and exam a small tissue sample from the endometrium, the lining of the uterus.
• Laparoscopy, a surgery using small incisions and a lighted instrument to look closely at reproductive organs.
• Culdocentesis, with a needle inserted behind the vagina to remove fluid for exam. This procedure is much more than rare then it used to exist, but is sometimes helpful.

Management and Treatment

How is pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) treated?

Your provider will prescribe antibiotics that you take past mouth. Brand sure to take all your medicine, even if you start feeling ameliorate. Often, your symptoms meliorate before the infection goes away. Your provider may recommend you return a few days after starting the medicine. They can check that treatment is working.

Some people accept antibiotics and still have symptoms. If that happens, yous may need to go to the hospital to receive medicine through an Four. Y'all may likewise need Iv medication if you:

• Are significant.
• Have a astringent infection and feel very sick.
• Accept an abscess (collection of pus) in your fallopian tube or ovary.

Will I demand surgery for pelvic inflammatory disease?

Surgery is rare for PID but tin can aid in some cases. If y'all still have symptoms or an abscess after taking antibiotics, talk to your healthcare provider nearly surgery.

Does my partner(s) need treatment for pelvic inflammatory affliction?

If y'all have pelvic inflammatory disease, tell your sexual partner(s). They should also get treated, for their sake and yours. Otherwise, you may become PID once more when you resume sex.

Prevention

Can I prevent pelvic inflammatory affliction?

Sometimes, PID is not due to a sexually transmitted infection. Information technology can come from normal vaginal bacteria traveling to your reproductive organs. Fugitive douching may lower the hazard.

Most of the fourth dimension, though, PID happens because of unprotected sex. Take steps to exercise safe sex. Protect yourself from sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that tin cause PID:

• Limit sexual partners: Your take chances increases if you have multiple partners.
• Choose barrier methods of birth command: These types of nativity control include condoms and diaphragms. Combine a barrier method with spermicide, fifty-fifty if you accept birth control pills.
• Seek handling if you notice symptoms: If you notice signs of PID or other STIs, become treatment correct abroad. Symptoms include unusual vaginal belch, pelvic hurting or bleeding betwixt periods.
• Get regular checkups: Take regular gynecological exams and screenings. Ofttimes, providers tin can place and treat cervical infections before they spread to reproductive organs.

Practise I need regular sexually transmitted infection tests?

If you lot're sexually agile, talk to your healthcare provider almost yearly testing for sexually transmitted infections. Providers often recommend testing for chlamydia to help go on you safe. Information technology's also helpful to get tested before having sex activity with a new partner.

Outlook / Prognosis

Can pelvic inflammatory affliction be cured?

If you get prompt diagnosis and treatment for an infection, antibiotics tin cure PID. Just treatment tin can't reverse any damage that already happened to your reproductive organs. Don't wait to get treated. See your provider right away then you can get the help yous demand to stay healthy.

Are there complications of PID?

If you get PID several times, you lot tin develop scarring on the fallopian tubes. The scarring can lead to several problems, including:

• Chronic pelvic pain.
• Ectopic pregnancy.
• Infertility.

If I had pelvic inflammatory disease, volition I have trouble getting pregnant?

PID tin affect fertility. Of the women who had PID, studies found that ane in 8 had difficulty getting pregnant. People who had repeat infections had a harder time getting pregnant.

How does PID affect fertility?

An egg needs to travel from your ovary, down the fallopian tube and into the uterus (womb). Then the sperm can fertilize it. But leaner from PID tin can cause scarring on your fallopian tubes. The scar tissue makes it harder for the egg to get where it needs to go.

Can I become pelvic inflammatory disease again?

Yes, you can get re-infected. Getting PID once doesn't protect yous from getting it once more.

If I had PID, when can I resume having sex?

You and your partner should wait a calendar week later on finishing your antibiotics before resuming sex. Doing so will assistance prevent re-infection.

Living With

How can I take intendance of myself if I have pelvic inflammatory affliction?

If you lot feel symptoms of PID, see your healthcare provider right abroad. And if you had unprotected sex, information technology's a adept idea to talk to your provider, fifty-fifty if you don't feel symptoms. The sooner y'all become treated, the more likely it will be effective. Prompt treatment also reduces your risk of serious complications.

Other tips for taking care of yourself:

• Avoid douching to prevent pushing leaner upward from your vagina into your uterus and fallopian tubes.
• Render to your healthcare provider a few days after starting medication to make sure it'south working.
• Take all your medicine every bit directed.
• Use condoms or dental dams every fourth dimension you have sex to protect yourself from infections.
• Wait one week after yous (and your partner) have finished medication to resume your sex life.

When should I come across my healthcare provider about PID?

Run into your provider if you experience any symptoms of PID. Seek immediate medical intendance if you take:

• Intense lower abdomen pain.
• Severe vomiting.
• High fever (college than 101 F).
• Fainting.

What should I ask my healthcare provider?

If you have PID, ask your provider:

• What handling will I need?
• Do I need to get rechecked?
• Will PID bear on my ability to become meaning?
• What are possible complications of PID?
• When can I resume having sex?
• What tin I practice to preclude PID?

A note from Cleveland Dispensary

Pelvic inflammatory illness (PID) is an infection of your reproductive organs. It'south commonly caused by a sexually transmitted infection, such as gonorrhea or chlamydia. Avoid douching. Although the bear witness is weak, douching may be tied to PID; information technology can definitely pb to bacterial vaginosis. If you notice symptoms of PID, such as pain in your lower abdomen, talk to your healthcare provider. The provider can diagnose PID and give you antibiotics to treat it. Early on handling is essential to avoiding complications of PID such equally infertility. Your partner(s) should go treated likewise. You can prevent PID by using a condom every time you have sexual activity.

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Source: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9129-pelvic-inflammatory-disease-pid